54 pages 1 hour read

In Country

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1985

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Part 2, Chapters 1-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2, Chapter 1 Summary

Part 2 channels Sam's point of view in a flashback to the months leading up to the trip to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. In Chapter 1, Sam graduates from high school and begins worrying about Emmett. She recalls Emmett coming to live with her and her mother after he returned from Vietnam.

In her recollection, he brings some friends with him, and Sam calls them “hippies.” Later, Emmett tries college and several jobs, but he leaves them all. Sam's mother Irene remarries and moves to Lexington the year before the events of the novel, but Sam refuses to move with her, choosing to stay in Hopewell.

Sam reports that she and Emmett now watch reruns of the television program M*A*S*H every night, a comedy-drama show about a US mobile army surgical hospital in the Korean War. They are sometimes joined by Sam's boyfriend, Lonnie Malone. Sam connects many of the characters and events in M*A*S*H to her own life, including the death of the show’s popular commanding officer Colonel Blake. Sam says that “his death on the program was more real to her than the death of her own father” (25).

Lonnie, who works as a bagboy at Kroger’s, shows up with beer and announces he has quit his job. Both Sam and Emmett are unhappy with the news. Emmett mentions that Irene wants Sam to come to Lexington in the fall to start classes at the University of Kentucky. Sam does not want to go, and Lonnie tells her to stay because he needs her to help him “get started” on his life.

Meanwhile, a storm is brewing. As the thunder crashes, Emmett cowers, obviously in distress. He says he has pain in his chest.

Part 2, Chapter 2 Summary

The storm continues, and Emmett cringes on the stairs with his cat Moon Pie on his lap. When the storm ends, Lonnie suggests they all go to Cawood’s Pond, a preserve set up by university biologists, although Sam calls it “a snake infested swamp with sinkholes” (34).

They smoke marijuana while parked at the pond, and Sam asks Emmett about a bird he is always on the lookout for. He tells her it is a white egret, and that he saw flocks of them while he was in Vietnam. When Sam suggests that might be a bad memory, Emmett tells her it is not. It is his one happy memory of Vietnam.

Part 2, Chapter 3 Summary

In a change of scene, Sam visits her best friend Dawn Goodwin, who is piercing a second set of holes in Sam's earlobes. Dawn has many piercings in her ears. She tells Sam, “I get bored easy, so when I get bored I just stick another needle in my ear“ (40).

Sam tells Dawn about her worry that Emmett's acne is caused by his exposure to Agent Orange in the Vietnam War. Dawn and Sam talk about their boyfriends, Ken and Lonnie, and about getting married. Sam reveals that she takes birth control pills while Dawn says she is too afraid of the side effects to take them. Dawn seems to think Sam should marry Lonnie, but Sam is undecided. The two conclude that Hopewell is “dead without a mall” (43).

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary

Back at home, Sam finds Emmett digging a hole next to the house to expose the foundation. He's trying to find out why they have water in their basement and is obsessed with the task.

Sam wonders if talking about Vietnam would help Emmett. She thinks about how the psychiatrist on M*A*S*H cured his patients of anxiety by encouraging them to talk, but she knows that real life is different.

The next day, Emmett continues digging, while his father (who Sam calls Grandad Smith) tells him he should get a job. Emmet just says that no jobs are worthwhile, and that “most jobs are stupid” (45).

The next morning, she goes with Emmett to McDonald's where he meets up with his friends, all of whom are Vietnam War veterans. She tries to talk to them about the war and Agent Orange. No one wants to tell her anything. She lets it drop that she wants to buy a car, and one of the veterans, Tom Hudson, says he has a Volkswagen he will sell her.

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary

Sam and Emmett discuss Irene and her desire to have Sam move to Lexington. Sam expresses anger over her mother's move to Lexington, her marriage, and her new baby. She continues to prod Emmett to do something about his health. When she watches M*A*S*H that night, she connects Emmett's health problems to those of a surgeon on the show, Trapper John. She considers how the characters on the show often turn down the chances to leave Korea and decides that there must be something men like about war.

Later, she has a long conversation with her mother on the telephone. She still refuses to move to Lexington and accuses her mother of not looking after Emmett. Irene says that she looked after Emmett for 14 years and now deserves a new life. She does not want to remember Dwayne, her first husband.

After the call, Sam takes out a picture of Dwayne she keeps in her Collegiate Dictionary. Dwayne was 19 years old when the picture was taken, and this is Sam's only photo of her father.

Part 2, Chapter 6 Summary

Sam awakens to the sound of Emmett's digging. He talks to Jim Holly, who heads up a local organization of Vietnam War veterans. They talk about Agent Orange and the need for community. One of their friends has a daughter with birth defects, and he suffers from many side effects of being sprayed with Agent Orange.

When Sam asks Emmett if he is afraid the house will fall apart if he does not fix the foundation, Emmett replies that he is. Jim Holly takes Emmett's trowel and covers the crack, reassuring Emmett that the house will hold.

Part 2, Chapter 7 Summary

Sam visits with Anita Stevens, a nurse who used to be Emmett's girlfriend. She asks Anita about cancer and Agent Orange. Anita is a beautiful woman from a good family. Emmett broke up with her because he felt that she was from a higher social class than he was, and he did not feel he deserved her. Anita shares details about her first marriage and divorce. Sam asks Anita to come to their house for lasagna and tells Anita about the dance Jim Holly plans for the veterans. Anita says she will come, and she gives Sam the names of good doctors for Emmett.

Part 2, Chapter 8 Summary

Emmett has now turned to working on the crawl space under the kitchen floor. Sam tells Emmett she thinks he should get back with Anita.

In her room, Sam examines her father's photo again. She talks to him and tells him about all the things he has missed while being dead. Sam feels that his photo, set in the mirror, “ruled the room” (67).

Part 2, Chapter 9 Summary

Emmett, Sam, and Lonnie drive to Paducah to see a doctor who will examine Emmett for Agent Orange exposure. An eye doctor has already told him his eyes are fine. Emmett and Sam think that Lonnie should pursue the trade school his father favors, but Lonnie keeps coming up with excuses about not getting a job or training. Lonnie's brother is getting married soon, but Sam is not looking forward to the wedding.

At the medical center, Sam and Lonnie sit in the waiting room while Emmett is seen by a doctor. Sam poses the ethical question of whether killing someone in a war you believe is wrong is doing something evil. Sam feels guilty because her father and Emmett went off to war to protect her mother and her.

Emmett is disgusted by the advice he gets from the doctor to wash his face more often. He receives a salve and advice to eat better food. He tells Lonnie and Sam that the doctor laughed at him and told him his problems were just caused by his nerves.

Part 2, Chapter 10 Summary

Sam goes running the next morning and winds up at Tom Hudson's garage to look at the Volkswagen. She talks to Tom about their visit to the doctor, and he shares with her his skepticism about the government ever doing anything about Agent Orange exposure. Sam would like Tom to tell her about Vietnam, especially about the place where her father died. Tom tells her to stop asking questions because no one wants to remember it or think about it. Tom wonders why Sam needs a car since she's a runner. Sam says she wants to “go places.” Tom offers to take Sam for a ride in the Volkswagen, and she accepts.

Part 2, Chapters 1-10 Analysis

Structurally, the opening chapters of Part 2 represent a backward time shift from Part I, to the months before Sam, Emmett, and Mamaw travel to Washington, DC. Mason uses the technique of flashback throughout Part 2, an indication that she intends to provide the motivation and reasons for the journey begun in Part 1. Like Part 1, Mason uses a limited third-person point of view, with Sam as the protagonist and narrator.

Mason also continues her use of popular culture icons through Part 2, providing a firm temporal setting for the novel: “It was the summer of the Michael Jackson Victory tour and the Bruce Springsteen Born in the U.S.A. tour, neither of which Sam got to go to” (23). Jackson's tour lasted from July to December of 1984. Springsteen's wildly successful tour encircled the globe, lasting from June 1984 to October 1985.

Springsteen's song “Born in the U.S.A.” not only places the novel's setting in time but also works symbolically throughout the book. Mason chose lyrics from the song as the epigraph for In Country: “I'm 10 years burning down the road/ Nowhere to run ain't got nowhere to go.” The last United States soldiers left Vietnam in March 1973. The US maintained support for the South Vietnamese government until April 1975, when Saigon fell, and the North Vietnamese army won the war. Thus, the storyline of In Country happens roughly 10 years after the conflict is over, the 10 years of Springsteen's song. Many of the characters—including Emmett, the other veterans, Lonnie, Dawn, and Ken—are going nowhere. They are trapped in a small and impoverished town that has not kept up with the changing landscape of American life. Moreover, as Sam tells Dawn, the song is not patriotic. It is about a man whose “brother gets killed over there, and then gets in a lot of trouble when he gets back home. He can't get a job, and he ends up in jail” (42). The singer is saying that although he was born in the USA, his country has changed and betrayed him. After serving the country, he has been abandoned by the government. Emmett and the other veterans echo this sentiment. As Sam reports, she has seen a bumper sticker reading “SPRAYED AND BETRAYED” (46), referring to the exposure of the soldiers to Agent Orange and then what they view as a betrayal by the government who is unwilling to acknowledge or bear the financial consequences of that exposure.

Agent Orange was a chemical used by the U.S. military to deforest large swaths of South Vietnam to root out the Viet Cong, communist guerilla forces operating in South Vietnam as opposed to the regular North Vietnamese Army. The chemical was later proven to cause serious side effects to those exposed to it, as well as causing genetic damage in the soldiers' reproductive organs, resulting in birth defects. Throughout Part 2 of In Country, Agent Orange serves both as the cause for Emmett and Sam's worry about his health and also as a potent symbol of betrayal.

Mason also draws on popular culture to develop Sam's Coming-of-Age and the Search for Identity. In particular, the television series M*A*S*H offers Sam ways of understanding the military, war, and soldiers on her quest for information about her father. Although the Korean War is the setting for the series, its characters and lessons point directly toward the Vietnam War. The series, based on a popular movie of the same title, ran on network television from 1972 through 1983. Sam is only five years old when the series begins, and her growth is punctuated by the series. By 1984, she can watch it in reruns every day. The characters of M*A*S*H are like family to her.

Mason likewise uses these chapters to examine the theme of Forgetting and Remembering the Vietnam War. Emmett and the other veterans are reluctant to talk about the war and actively try to forget what they have seen and done. Similarly, Irene wants to forget about her marriage to Dwayne so she can start a new life. In addition, as Tom tells Sam, “A lot of boys just plain got forgotten” (78). Tom implies with this statement that the United States government has failed to remember that the soldiers they sent to Vietnam need help and support after their return to the United States. Sam's questioning of the veterans in her need to know more about her father, and by extension, her own identity, forces the other characters to begin the sometimes painful process of remembering their experiences. While forgetting may have been a useful defense mechanism for the veterans and the country, now, 10 years later, remembrance may be required for ultimate healing.

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